Conventions of Drama - 1980 Words

Through the centuries, the conventions of drama have been altered in many different ways. These conventions are the setting, plot, characters and staging. The main factor which has been a dominant force during the changes of conventions has been the society. The society present during the time in which a play was written had a direct influence on the plot and characters. This is because drama is defined as a representation of life. Four plays which have been selected from Greek, Elizabethan, Restoration and Modern times can be analysed to show and represent the changes of drama. These plays are #8220;Oedipus the King#8221;, #8220;Macbeth#8221;, #8220;The Way of the World#8221; and #8220;A Doll#8217;s House#8221;. The†¦show more content†¦A unique feature of the Elizabethan theatre was the use of soliloquies during a play. These are moments when a character is able to voice their inner thoughts and emotions without the other characters hearing (even if they are still on stag e). Such soliloquies enable the audience to enter the mind of the character and understand what is happening. Usually the only character to use a soliloquy is one with a guilty conscience, for example Macbeth. In the play #8220;Macbeth#8221;, Macbeth speaks in soliloquy while he is carrying out or devising dirty deeds. The language which is used during the texts such as Macbeth is Elizabethan language. This is quite metaphorical and poetic with many of the speeches being quite long. By the eighteenth century, drama had changed yet again during the restoration period. This time, the focus had shifted from royalty and drama was now based on the upper class society. The plays written during the restoration period were all to do with dramatic irony and comedy of manners. This type of comedy meant that the main issues dealt with during the play were concerned with up-to-date dress and fashion standards as well as the behaviour of men and women under the new code of permissiveness. The code of permissiveness which prevailed that society was able to do basically anything they pleased, came about with the restoration of Charles II to the throne. As a result in the change of throne, the attitudes ofShow MoreRelated Conventions Of Drama Essay1926 Words   |  8 Pages Through the centuries, the conventions of drama have been altered in many different ways. These conventions are the setting, plot, characters and staging. The main factor which has been a dominant force during the changes of conventions has been the society. The society present during the time in which a play was written had a direct influence on the plot and characters. This is because drama is defined as a representation of life. Four plays which have been selected from Greek, Elizabethan,Read MoreAddiction Responding Task Of The Theatrical Style1300 Words   |  6 Pagesreality. Addiction was an unrealistic piece of drama exploring the drug world, side effects and consequences of drug intake. Through the effective manipulation of masks, abstract props, generalised characters, social Existentialist morals, rhythmic movement, silhouettes, puppetry , a combination of realistic, unrealistic scenarios, in conjunction with the Elements of Drama- symbol, tension and space. All the Elements of Drama and non-realistic conventions conveyed the dramatic meanings of difficultRead MoreKoe No Katachi Film Analysis1611 Words   |  7 Pagesreveals a much darker theme than apparent at first sight. This movie encompasses and follows the cinematic rhetoric of a drama through its many similarities to the normal conventions. Some of the many parallels include the use of unexpected life situations, an emotionally demanding plo t, and deep character development. Due to this, the movie Koe no Katachi adheres to the genre of drama and appeals to a large target audience ranging from teenagers to adults. The opening of this movie depicts a teenagerRead MoreRe-Contextualization of Othello for a Contemporary Audience Essay1654 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary physical theatre. The elements of drama, along with conventions of both physical and Elizabethan theatre, were used by Frantic Assembly to create a contemporary play from a heritage Shakespearean text that is relevant to a modern audience. Frantic Assembly has successfully re-contextualized Othello by transposing the time and setting to make it relevant to a twenty-first century audience whilst still retaining the original plot and a number of conventions of heightened Realism. The original settingRead MoreHamlet, Prince of Denmark825 Words   |  4 Pagesnoteworthy, towards the development of both Roman and English Drama. Though Roman Drama could not thrive much as to invite the attention of Western audience, but English Drama excelled in Elizabethan Age (due to the royal patronage), with University Wits, on the one hand, and particularly William Shakespeare, on the other. It was Shakespeare who mastered (as is evident from his oeuvre) the classical convention of drama and challenged them in his dramas—especially tragedies. Though, the origin and roots ofRead MoreComparison of Two Hospital Dramas: Casualty and ER Essay881 Words   |  4 PagesComparison of Two Hospital Dramas: Casualty and ER This essay will compare the two hospital dramas, Casualty and ER. Casualty is a British hospital drama. It is shown on BBC1 at 8:05 on a Saturday evening .It has been one of the biggest and most popular hospital dramas ever made in Britain. The fact that its lasted over ten series, has been sold to many countries around the world, and it still manages to pull in big audiences speaks for itself. The series is set inRead MoreAn Analysis of the Opening Sequence of Stanley Kubricks ‘Eyes Wide Shut’ Focusing on the Use of Generic Conventions1735 Words   |  7 PagesAn analysis of the opening sequence of Stanley Kubrick’s ‘Eyes Wide Shut’ focusing on the use of generic conventions We frequently consider films in terms of their genre, a French word meaning ‘kind’ or ‘sort’. It is a very complex term, not only used in film but also in other creative areas such as music, art, and literature. However, it is often considered through various conventions including iconography, similar themes and their stylistic features, as Bordwell and Thompson (2006:357) suggestRead More Discuss the ways in which the character of Oedipus in Oedipus the King1192 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the ways in which the character of Oedipus in Oedipus the King conforms to the conventions of the tragic hero. In your discussion refer to how the issues explored in the play have a wider significance than the tragedy of Oedipus as an individual. Assessment 9: Short Essay – Drama Discuss the ways in which the character of Oedipus in Oedipus the King conforms to the conventions of the tragic hero. In your discussion refer to how the issues explored in the play have a wider significance Read MoreGothic Theatre Essay1297 Words   |  6 PagesStir, defiantly showed the characteristics and conventions of Gothic theatre. During the course of the show, dramatic languages and Gothic conventions were displayed; like: Place, Tension, Contrast and Role, plus many more. Skills of drama were also used effectively throughout the production, for example applying stagecraft (design of lighting, sound, set costume, props). Two specific scenes that demonstrated dramatic languages and gothic conventions were â€Å"Opening scene (Johnathon arrives at the hotel)Read MoreEssay on Ancient Greek Theatre1179 Words   |  5 Pagesworship in its self. The City Dionysia happened every spring in the Theatre of Dionysus, the first home of theatre and the form of the play. It was from the dithyramb that the roots of drama developed. In 534 B.C. the tyrant-ruler of Athens changed the City Dionysia by introducing the first of the drama competitions at the Theatre of Dionysus, a contest that would continue for well over one hundred years and that would involve playwrights that are still world famous in the twenty first century

Choosing Disability Free Essays

string(138) " with racial groups such as Blacks, Hispanic and others who are bonded together by shared values, and a common language \(Wagner, 2008\)\." Exceptionally: Disability and Giftedness Dry. Stuart Sameness’s Parents all over the world have one great thing In common, wanting the best for their children and giving them great opportunities to pursue their dreams. Children are considered special blessings from God, especially for couples that were bestowed with this blessing after much patience. We will write a custom essay sample on Choosing Disability or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, women who could not conceive were known to be cursed and inferior to other fertile women. Although, there are still any couples whose attempts to conceive a child naturally go vain, medical science has allowed these problems to be resolved through various interventions, such as; infertility treatments, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, surrogacy or even sperm donor clinics. There are many things to be considered when it comes to family planning, before a couple decides to bring a child Into this world. For some, It may to Walt until they are financially well off, moving to a family friendlier neighborhood, or possibly visiting a fertility clan to weigh out their options. Fertility lining are also beneficial If the couple Is Interesting In knowing the probably of passing a disease with a family history or a disability off to their offspring. Moreover, possess preferential characteristics such as; eye color, hair color, height, race, and/or education. As one might say, conceiving through sperm donors is the safest alternative precisely because donors with congenital disabilities are screened out long before they would ever make the catalogue, as the sperm banks are aware that the probability of such a withdrawal is very low. But as strange as deliberately assign a disability to an unborn child may seem, there are many advocating for the allowance of such services. Some parents have taken steps to ensure that they have children with a desired disability. What is meant by ‘disability is subject for considerable debate, however. For many, disability is something undesirable, as it significantly reduces the individual’s quality of life and social opportunities. This scenario is particularly relevant to the Deaf Culture who consider themselves a part of a minority group. This paper intends to explore the controversy regarding the ethics of deliberately choosing a disability and implementing it on the case study of James Kittle and wife and discussing why they should not be allowed to deliberately select an embryo with a disability via the use of pre-implantation diagnosis. James Kittle is a congenital deaf married to a wife of 5 years. James and wife are both belonging to the Deaf Culture and seem very content with their ‘disability. Their main mode of communication is American Sign Language and do not consider their condition as a defect or a disability, rather a different viewpoint of life that differs only slightly from the norm. Both James and his wife were raised in a typical nuclear family with hearing parents and siblings. Once they learned that they were expecting their first child, they were thrilled. This excitement, however was short-lived as they soon found out that he was born hearing with no signs of partial deafness. They were hoping for a deaf child like themselves so that he could easily be integrated into their culture and so they could set a new generation of the Deaf in the family. As Jimmy, their son, turned four, they started fearing that they would eventually lose their son, o the hearing world. They decided to consult their family doctor who referred them to an ideologist with whom they could discuss the possibility of surgically deafening their son by removing his cochleae from both of his ears. As this was illegal in America, James took it upon himself to take Jimmy to Brazil where this type of surgery is permissible. Jimmy refused once he learned of his parents’ intention but was told that he would have no problem adjusting and was not given much of an option. The surgery was successful and James and his wife now consider Jimmy a ‘special blessing. They are now ready for their second child, but instead of simply hoping for that child to be deaf, they are considering the possibility of conceiving through pre- implantation diagnosis, since they do not want to take their chances as they did with Jimmy. This case study raises many ethical issues about deliberately choosing deafness over normality and why it should never be permissible to do so on the basis of fundamental human rights. The choice to seek deaf children cuts across the grain of virtually all discussion in bioethics about prenatal interventions involving the traits of children. It is not prenatal interventions regarding producing super kids, with superior qualities not commonly observed in their peers of the same age. These qualities usually exceed their peers and even parents in sight, hearing, intelligence, athletic skills, immunity to disease, strength and many more among the list of desirable traits. If options to select these enhanced traits were available, why would the parents not want these for their children? There seems to be no logical reasoning behind limiting their children of these beneficial traits. In addition, these traits should be equal to everyone and not Just the wealthy that already have the most advantages many people lack. From time to time, bioethics forums are flooded with such debatable issues and concerns when it comes to ‘designing’ babies through the use of medical interventions. By contrast, however, parents going through the extra mile to ensure their children are born with a congenital disability, particularly deafness, take the debates and the controversies surrounding these issues in an entirely different direction. Two contrasting views of deafness exist in today’s society. Most people insider deafness as a pathological condition resulting in profound hearing loss, followed by the viewpoint that deafness is a sensory deficit. People diagnosed with this condition are seen to be at a great disadvantage and strongly deviant from the norm. Moreover, the minority viewpoint regards deaf people as belonging to a culture paralleling themselves with racial groups such as Blacks, Hispanic and others who are bonded together by shared values, and a common language (Wagner, 2008). You read "Choosing Disability" in category "Papers" Those that belong to this culture consider the property of being deaf to be a highly ascribable characteristic and a unique cultural identity. The couple mentioned above takes great pride in being a part of such a culture and feel their motives of wanting deaf children through various means to be misunderstood. James and his wife wanted children like themselves and did not see their preferences as a moral offence. In addition, James felt so strongly connected with this culture that he wanted to see in his children the deafness that was so central to his identity. While the decision of this couple to want a deaf child grew out of their own moral intuition, Teresa Burke is amongst the many commentators that as offered a defense of such a practice, as long as certain conditions are met. Teresa Burke (2005) argues that parents may be allowed to have deaf children only if they are deaf themselves and are able to work on offering language or some means of communication to their children. She argues that deafness is compatible with the ability to pursue a rewarding life. Furthermore, she feels that eliminating many environmental issues, such as stigma and discrimination can offset its disadvantages and a society where the deaf and the hearing live alongside one another, coexisting peacefully is not entirely unattainable (Burke, 2011). The counterparts of this argument, which is much more relatable to the norm suggest that parents have an obligation to enhance the capacities of their children to the extent that is within their power. Julian Cupules (2001) feels that there is a certain obligatory force to treat and prevent diseases and that we have an obligation to try to manipulate these characteristics to give an individual the best opportunity of the best life, not the other way around. To fail to treat our children’s disease is to harm them. In general, he mental, and psychological capacities. Failing to do so is harming them, Just as it is to elaborately reduce these capacities and limiting them of a state of well being, regardless of how it is done (Cupules, 2001). From a perspective like this, it is evident that prevention of suffering is central to anyone’s moral belief. James and his wife were definitely not selfless, as they disregarded Jimmy’s refusal and went ahead with the surgery anyway. Despite the fact that deafness does not disable the possibility of a meaningful life, moral considerations suggest that parents should not be choosing this alternative intentionally. All in all, deafness is a disability in the ensue that it represents an inhibition in a major life function and James committed a strong moral transgression by making a choice for his son that cannot be undone. Typically, the search for genes that cause or contribute to an undesirable medical condition is followed by the hope of finding a cure for that condition, or eradicating it in general (Wagner, 2008). Deafness differs from most disabilities precisely because it is not universally viewed as an undesirable medical condition, and according to many advocating this point; there is no need to even find a cure, since it is not a problem. This is not to say that deaf people deny their tautological status but it illustrates their importance of culture over pathology. The current popularity of cochlear implant surgery today among hearing parents of deaf children with its post rehabilitation oral skills, has led to a reduction in the number of deaf children attending special residential school for the deaf at an early age. When the FDA announced its proposal in 1990 to provide children with cochlear implants, the members of the deaf community reacted negatively and even referred to it as ‘cultural genocide’ (Sculls, 2011). Now, many years later, the ethical issues of cochlear implant surgery seem to not be a problem anymore because of the advances in genetic engineering that has allowed people from this community to genetically ‘design’ their babies to their preferences. Although this technology is meant to eradicate any form of disability altogether, it has recently been used to Just do the opposite. Many of these deaf community members have been shifting their focus to prenatal genetic diagnosis (PIG) in tandem with in vitro fertilization (IVY) for embryo screening. A study released in 2008 found that 3 percent of in vitro fertilization-PIG lining in the United States have provided PIG to select for a disability (Wagner, 2008). In addition to PIG, other technologies may soon be available to people wanting to have deaf children, such as gene replacement therapy. In other words, deafness could be ‘created’ by deliberately inserting a deaf gene. This goes back to the topic discussed earlier regarding genetically creating a super kid, with extraordinary characteristics. PIG is an expensive procedure currently offered only to couples at risk of having a child suffering from a serious genetic disease, but there is nothing inherent in the technology that limits it to such uses. This means couples wealthy enough to afford such practices will be given full freedom to genetically create babies with preferable qualities whereas their less fortunate counterparts, who will not be able to afford these types of procedures, will always be at a disadvantage (Murphy, 2009). This leads to an entirely broad debate regarding eugenics and why it should not be practiced. Authors such as John Harris (2000) argue that intentionally selecting into this world who has a disability using technology in ways that it was not meant or, it significantly violates the child’s right to an open future (Harris, 2000). It is a known fact, which neither the deaf community itself cannot deny, that people suffering from a hearing loss lead more difficult lives than hearing counterparts, partly because there will always be more hearing people in this world than deaf and there will never be enough accommodations. Loss of hearing, therefore, in such a linguistic society can become dangerous when a deaf person is unable to detect nearby hazards thereby affecting their sense of independence and security and limiting social opportunities. Alternative viewpoints proposed by Albany Lucas (2012) contend that selection for a particular disability is as problematic as selection against, since both are based on the assumption that a single genetic characteristic should be the determining factor in the decision to have a child (Lucas, 2012). Opponents of this point assert that although they value the existence of living disabled individuals and believe in giving these individuals equal respect and opportunities as any other human being, it is morally wrong to knowingly bring a disabled child into the world and limiting their opportunities. In addition, the harm of genetically harming children can be clearly seen when considering how the same harm without genetics involved would be viewed. Genetics, reproductive technologies and techniques such as PIG are simply tools. Tools are used to accomplish things; whether the use of the tool is ethical depends on what it is that we are trying to accomplish. If something is morally wrong, it does not matter what tools or what method is used to accomplish that, it still remains wrong. In the case of James, who deliberately deafened his first hearing child, by racially removing his cochlea so he could become a part of their culture, now wants to create a second deaf baby using genetic engineering techniques. Preventing a child from hearing harms the child; it limits and disadvantages the child and therefore should not be permissible for medical personnel to carry on with this kind of procedure, especially for Jimmy and his wife, who are evidently putting their own happiness ahead of their children’s since they disregarded their son’s refusal. Jimmy was 4 years old when he was forced into such an irrational decision, which means he ad experienced the hearing world and had therefore chosen to stay in it. All the facts are the same and lets say, via PIG with in vitro fertilization Jimmy and his wife have their congenital deaf child. But now a cure for this deafness is discovered, it is risk free with no side effects, which leads us to think, would the parents, in this case, be right to withhold this cure for deafness from their child? Would the child have any legitimate complaint if they did not cure his deafness? Could this child complain to his parents dismissing him the possibility of being able to listen to music, the sound f trees, the wind, the rain, the waves on the shore, or hearing a spoken word or even learning spoken language? There is no imagining to how the child would feel when it discovers that it lacked these experiences only because of his/her parent’s deliberate denial. Furthermore, it is not plausible to say that all these things that the child could have had, but because of it’s parents decision, are unimportant, so much so that their loss or absence of it is not even considered a disability to them. Different groups. Similarly, deaf community is bonded together via a signed language, American Sign Language (SSL). Although this characteristic is not the sole criterion, it is viewed as a strong distinction between them and the non-deaf community (Singleton Title, 2000). Furthermore, the deaf community includes members with hearing losses at both levels of extreme, from those who are profoundly deaf to those normal hearing children of the deaf community. There are also people who are hard of hearing individuals that identify themselves as part of the deaf community. Therefore, acceptance and integration into the deaf community is depended upon he attitude and the use of SSL, which means that in order to belong to the deaf community, one does not need to be born deaf. Furthermore, hearing children born to deaf parents are considered bilingual and bicameral since they potentially share the language and culture of their deaf parents and they are inevitably members of the hearing community (Singleton Title, 2000). Although there has been some concern regarding signs of spoken language delay observed in hearing children of non-hearing parents, there is not much evidence to support this claim. Therefore, elaborately removing Jimmy’s cochleae was unnecessary since he did not need to be deaf to belong to the Deaf community. Many deaf parents, occasionally have the misguided notion that they should not sign with their child simply because the child is hearing. Signing with the hearing child, from its birth, not only teaches the hearing child to be fluent in SSL, but also it ensures stronger communication between the parents and the child. Moreover, turning normal hearing children to a deaf child overcomes the possibility of having hearing children that are bilingual and bicameral. Shift-Myers (2004) asserts that many hearing children of deaf parents evidently develop speech and language normally provided that they have some exposure to normal hearing speakers and if their family life is otherwise normal. In addition, Jimmy and his wife both belong to hearing families, which means there would be enough exposure to normal hearing from the grandparents, and the child would consequently not develop any language delay. In any case, if a hearing child of deaf parents does show signs of spoken language delay, then an appropriate practical Lana to enhance the child’s spoken language input would be in order (Shift-Myers, 2004). James and his wife ought to use the best mode of communication to ensure effective parenting, and to promote natural language acquisition for the child, whether it is spoken or signed language. â€Å"It is a simple fact that it is better to have five senses than four† Nanette Winters). Who can argue against that? Yet, what Winters calls, a ‘simple fact’ may not be so simple for everyone as clearly illustrated in this paper. This is especially not a simple fact when it comes to the Deaf community. Many facts arise from those who live the oaf lives. One such fact is that they believe being Deaf should be viewed as parallel to being Black, or Hispanic. Another fact is that these Deaf community members feel no objection expanding their community by wanting deaf children, whether it may be through prenatal medical interventions or postnatal surgical procedures. This paper explored the question of whether it is morally Justifiable to use genetic technology to here is not about being supportive of people who are deaf or otherwise disabled. The basic issue is whether or not there are ethical limits to what parents can impose on a hill. Pro-choice campaigners and reproductive freedom supports argue that it should be the couple’s choice or wish on how they want to raise their child, but through negative enhancement and achieving outcomes that are socially not preferred affects everyone in the community in general (Carping, 2008). Morally speaking, parents have a duty to use assisted technology to give their children the best opportunity of the best life, not deliberately reducing the child’s welfare. How to cite Choosing Disability, Papers

Marketing for Green Kinetic Ltd- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Green Kinetic Ltd. Answer: Marketing Mix To promote the device in the market, Green Kinetic Ltd needs to choose from the important factors from the 7 Ps marketing mix (Hollensen 2015). Once the company will be able to narrow down in any two factors, it will be able to get an idea about the exact customers who will be buying the device and the way it will help the organization to make proper business from the device (Babin and Zikmund 2015). The 7 Ps marketing mix that are available to Green Kinetic Ltd are: Product Promotion Price Place People Process Physical evidence Green Kinetic Ltd already have competitors present in the market and hence, they have to choose the best out of the 7 Ps marketing mix so that it will be able to stand out in the crowd. Green Kinetic Ltd will have to make the customers aware of the features of the device that makes them stand out than the other companies in the market (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). To make the people aware of the specialty of the company, they need to give special attention on the product (Lusch and Vargo 2014). The best way to attract the customers from the rival companies will be through the price (De Mooij 2013). Thus, the product and the price are the two things that Green Kinetic Ltd should concentrate on to stand out in the crowd. The audience should be made aware of the quality of the products that it do not require any extra energy and can generate energy of its own (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). The movement of the user will help them to generate electricity. The products should be able to attract the user as they have to make one time payment. The initial target for the products should be the people who are interested in physical fitness. The more the physical movements, the more electricity will the device will produce. However, the best part of the products is that it might not need that much movement that is needed by similar of device made by other companies. They have multiple layers chemical system that helps the device to produce more energy even with less movement. Thus, Green Kinetic Ltd should not keep the device targeted limited to targeting those people who make more movement, it should also be there for those people who might walk and may nor run or jump. The battery is made up of latest techn ology that it gets charged up easily with less energy. The product will help in generating electricity without any extra cost. In addition to this, the device will help the people in losing weight. If they want to generate more electricity, they can make more physical movements. It will help them staying fit and also help them in losing more energy. Thus, it can be cost cutting from more than one aspect. The will be able to save on the medical bill as well as able to generate energy free of cost. Pricing is another important factor that should be kept in mind while marketing any product (Czinkota and Ronkainen 2013). The customers have tendency to get attracted to those products that are priced less (Hartley and Claycomb 2013). However, the customers might not welcome huge price difference. The prices should be a little less than the price of the products of other competitors (Armstrong et al. 2014). Huge amount of difference will urge the customers to rethink on whether they should by the products of Green Kinetic Ltd. In addition to this, the value added services to the customers should be more than the ones provided by the competitors (Hollensen 2015). For example, if the competitors are giving the guarantee for the products for one year, Green Kinetic Ltd should give the guarantee for two years. The small differences will help Green Kinetic Ltd to get more customers than the competitors. The value added services like free servicing of the products should also be done more than the number of times dome by the competitors (Babin and Zikmund 2015). In this way, the customers will also get attracted to the products. The price that they will pay will also be for one time for buying the products. However, the price of the battery should cost less than the battery required for other devices. Green Kinetic Ltd should highlight the fact that the device will also help in keeping the doctors away. If they exercise more, the device will gain more energy and will be able to generate more electricity. Once the customers will come to know about the multiple advantages of the products, they will get attracted to the products (Sheth and Sisodia 2015). When the people are given something extra than they expect, the value of the products. Conclusions with Implications for the Company The products that is being introduced by Green Kinetic Ltd is revolution in the field of marketing. In a time, when the whole world in steeped in issues to save electricity and finding out ways of carrying out a business sustainably, Green Kinetic Ltd seem to have solved all issues. The product will not only generate extra energy but will also help the people to say fit. Even though, they have competitors in the market, yet their product can outnumber the products of the competitors. People who are not able to do much physical movement can also make use of the products as the high technology battery of Green Kinetic Ltd will generate electivity even in small movements. They also have to choose the right marketing mix factors to attract the customers. They should promote the product and the way it is better than the those of the competitors. It should also price the products intelligently. They should keep the cost lesser than the competitors but not very less. The value added service s should also be more than the ones given by the customers. References Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Babin, B.J. and Zikmund, W.G., 2015.Exploring marketing research. Cengage Learning. Czinkota, M.R. and Ronkainen, I.A., 2013.International marketing. Cengage Learning. De Mooij, M., 2013.Global marketing and advertising: Understanding cultural paradoxes. Sage Publications. Hartley, R.F. and Claycomb, C., 2013.Marketing mistakes and successes. Wiley. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Lusch, R.F. and Vargo, S.L., 2014.The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate, and directions. Routledge. Sheth, J.N. and Sisodia, R.S., 2015.Does marketing need reform?: Fresh perspectives on the future. Routledge.